As teachers and scholars from across the United States, Canada, and other parts of the world, we are united in our opposition to oil and gas exploration and drilling in the Coastal Plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska. We strongly condemn the draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Coastal Plain Oil and Gas Leasing Program and the rushed process by which the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) prepared the document. Downplaying the dangers of expanding fossil fuel development in the Arctic, and disregarding scientific data and concerns raised by Indigenous peoples, the BLM is also shutting the public out of the process, undermining a core purpose of the National Environmental Policy Act.

Fossil fuel development in the Coastal Plain would devastate an Arctic nursery of global significance. It would violate human rights, jeopardize food security, and threaten the health and safety of Indigenous communities. It would contribute to the escalating crises of climate change and biological annihilation. The Arctic Refuge is an irreplaceable ecological treasure. Its fate should not be decided on an expedited timeline that prioritizes outcome over process to benefit the oil industry and its allies.

Ever since drilling proponents snuck an Arctic Refuge leasing provision into the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the Trump administration has been moving aggressively to rush through the required Environmental Impact Statement. During the scoping phase of the EIS, the BLM held only one public hearing outside of Alaska—in Washington, DC, on a Friday night in mid-June 2018. Still, a large number of people showed up to voice their concerns about the ecological, cultural, and climate impacts of drilling in the Arctic Refuge.

Dismissing the concerns raised by the public and Indigenous peoples and “relying on outdated and incomplete science,” the BLM hastily assembled a draft EIS and released it on December 20, 2018, the day before the longest government shutdown in US history began.

The Neets’ąįį Gwich’in tribal governments of Arctic Village and Venetie, who worked in a government-to-government capacity in the EIS process, denounced the BLM draft. In a press release, the tribes claimed: “The draft goes so far as to boldly declare that oil and gas development in the caribou calving grounds will have no impact at all on the Tribe’s subsistence hunting practices.” Equally important is that the government did not adequately consult the tribes prior to the release of the document. “Today’s release was done with no prior notification to our Tribal Councils, who have met with the BLM for months on a government-to-government basis,” said Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government Executive Director Tonya Garnett. “The total lack of regard to our tribal governments on an issue of such importance really demonstrates how BLM leadership views their trust responsibility to our Tribes.”

The draft EIS set the deadline for public comments to end on February 11, 2019. On December 21, 2018, the Arctic Village and Venetie tribal governments were joined by a coalition of environmental and Indigenous human rights organizations in submitting requests to extend the public comment period—to April 29, 2019—to ensure robust participation by the interested public. On January 14, 2019, in the midst of the government shutdown, the coalition submitted additional requests, reiterating the need for the extension of the public comment period and asking that additional public hearings be held across the nation so that members of the public outside of Alaska are given an opportunity to have their voices heard. Finally, the coalition requested that notice of the hearings be provided at least two weeks prior to the first hearing date to give the public sufficient time to prepare remarks.

When the BLM announced its plans on January 30, 2019, the agency failed to respond to the requests from the coalition and instead offered a much shorter extension until March 13. The BLM also announced only one public hearing outside of Alaska—again, as during the scoping phase, in Washington, DC. But this second round of hearings was structured on an even more compressed timescale to invite even less public input. The BLM stipulated that all public hearings be finished within a much shorter window of time—starting on February 4 and ending on February 13—and that the first hearing would happen just two business days after the announcement, not the two-week notice requested by the coalition. These decisions underscore the Trump administration’s rampant and repeated efforts to stifle public participation in the process.

Front-page article on the Arctic Refuge Public Hearing in Fairbanks, Fairbanks Daily News-Miner, February 5, 2019.

Indeed, the first BLM hearing, held in Fairbanks on February 4, did not even include a public forum: it was merely an “open house” information session for agency officials to provide an overview of the draft EIS. Gwich’in and Iñupiat elders and leaders spoke out against this injustice, and demanded the right to be heard. “We are beyond frustrated that our elders are not allowed to speak today,” one leader explained. Tribal members and grassroots groups—including Defend the Sacred Alaska, Native Movement Alaska, and the Fairbanks Climate Action Coalition—joined together to turn the anti-democratic charade into what one participant called a “People’s Hearing.”

The voices of the people need to be heard, because the BLM’s rushed process has resulted in a flawed environmental review.

The draft EIS fails to address the ecological impacts of drilling. Fossil fuel development would degrade the habitat of the Porcupine Caribou Herd as well as that of migratory birds, polar bears, and other creatures. More than 200,000 caribou embark every year on the longest land migration of any animal on earth, journeying from their wintering grounds in Canada and Alaska to the Coastal Plain, where they calve and nurse their young. According to caribou biologists, the entirety of the calving and nursing grounds that stretch from the Arctic Refuge to the adjacent Ivvavik National Park in the Yukon Territory of Canada should be protected if the herd is to survive and thrive. With caribou herds across Canada and the circumpolar world in severe decline, the Department of the Interior should respect scientific and traditional ecological knowledge to sustain this transnational herd. Likewise, the draft EIS minimizes development impacts on the nesting and feeding habitats of millions of birds that migrate to the refuge from all fifty US states and all over the world. Nor does it adequately consider the impacts on polar bears, now listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act, as their traditional sea ice habitat continues to disappear due to rapid Arctic warming. As we are in the midst of what scientists call biological annihilation, these impacts on wildlife need to be considered fully, not ignored or minimized to expedite drilling.

The draft EIS fails to address Indigenous rights and environmental justice. For the Gwich’in communities on both sides of the US-Canada border, the prospect of drilling represents an existential threat to their culture. The Gwich’in have relied upon the Porcupine Caribou Herd for their nutritional, cultural, and spiritual sustenance for millennia. To them, the Coastal Plain is Iizhik Gwats’an Gwandaii Goodlit (the Sacred Place Where Life Begins). Their food security, human rights, and cultural future are all stake in this decision. For many Iñupiat people who call the area home, fossil fuel development would lead to increased social stress and air pollution with potentially severe health impacts on community members. The dangerous levels of toxic pollutants emitted by drilling could cause respiratory illnesses and other health problems, as has been documented in Nuiqsut following the development of the Alpine oil field. Indigenous voices must be heard, not marginalized and brushed aside in the rush to develop.

The draft EIS fails to address climate change. Fossil fuel extraction would contribute to further warming of the already rapidly-warming Arctic—an action that would affect the whole earth, as the Arctic is a critical integrator of our planet’s climate systems. As climate scientists keep telling us, we are living through a pivotal moment in history, a time in which the US and other nations around the world need to transition to a sustainable energy future. Deciding not to drill in the Arctic Refuge would be a crucial step in this direction.

Instead of racing to turn a wildlife sanctuary into an oil field, the BLM needs to assess the full impacts of drilling on the ecological, cultural, wilderness, and subsistence values of the Arctic Refuge. The fossil fuel industry has already developed large portions of northern Alaska. The Coastal Plain of the Arctic Refuge—a contiguous stretch of unparalleled public land that constitutes about 5% of Alaska’s Arctic coast—should be protected permanently not auctioned off at breakneck speed.

Since the Trump administration is attempting to complete this significant environmental review in a rushed and undemocratic manner, environmental and Indigenous activists have decided to take ownership of the process and create their own democratic structures. The coalition has organized a series of Public Community Hearings in March. Independent of the BLM’s hasty and flawed process, these hearings will amplify voices of the public and highlight the administration’s suppression of public participation. The public hearings represent a democratic push from below, an effort to enlist—rather than exclude—all people in this critical environmental debate. The coalition has scheduled public hearings in three cities: Albuquerque, New Mexico, on March 5; Denver, Colorado, on March 8; and Seattle, Washington (date will be announced soon on the letter web-page).

As teachers and scholars, we know that younger generations are worried about the escalating dangers to our planet’s biological, climate, and life-support systems. The short-term drive to drill in the Arctic undercuts their hopes for a sustainable future. The natural and cultural values of the Arctic Refuge far exceed any oil that may lie beneath the Coastal Plain. Rather than rushing to lease and drill, the US government should keep this cherished place and vibrant ecosystem protected for generations to come.

Sincerely,

Rosemary Ahtuangaruak (Iñupiaq), Arctic Indigenous Scholar, Arctic Research Consortium of the United States (Alaska, USA)

Subhankar Banerjee, Lannan Chair and Professor of Art and Ecology, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Finis Dunaway, Professor of History, Trent University (Ontario, Canada)

Norma Kassi (Vuntut Gwitchin), Director of Indigenous Collaboration at the Arctic Institute of Community-Based Research (Yukon, Canada)

Marni Binder, Ryerson University (Ontario, Canada)

Alexandra Pulwicki (Alberta, Canada)

Justin Harmon, University of North Carolina Greensboro (North Carolina, USA)

Sarah Allen, University of Hawaii (Hawaii, USA)

Beth Forman, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Kylie Pond, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (North Carolina, USA)

Lee Bravender, University of Michigan (Michigan, USA)

Christopher Kasanke, University of Alaska Fairbanks (Alaska, USA)

Jean-Paul Bourque, Retired Independent Research in Ecology (New Brunswick, Canada)

Shruti Desai, University of London Goldsmiths (UK)

Alice Owen, University of Brighton (UK)

Matthew Burke, McGill University (Quebec, Canada)

Peter Newell, University of Sussex (UK)

Devon Wemyss, Zurich University of Applied Science (Winterthur, Switzerland)

Sarah Tappan (Massachusetts, USA)

Randall A. Lake, University of Southern California (California, USA)

Alan Cockerill, Monash University (Victoria, Australia)

John Miller, University of Toronto (Ontario, Canada)

Rupert Collister, University of Toronto/University of New Brunswick (Ontario, Canada)

Sam Crowell, California State University (California, USA)

Four Arrows, aka Don Trent Jacobs, Fielding Graduate University (California, USA)

Danae Jacobson, University of Notre Dame (Indiana, USA)

Stephen Fredman, University of Notre Dame (Indiana, USA)

Vicky Smith (North Carolina, USA)

Brian S. Collier, University of Notre Dame (Indiana, USA)

Nicholas Brown, Northeastern University (Massachusetts, USA)

David Abram, Distinguished Teaching Fellow of Schumacher College, Director of Alliance for Wild Ethics (New Mexico, USA)

Darcia Narvaez, University of Notre Dame (Indiana, USA)

David S. Walsh, Gettysburg College (Pennsylvania, USA)

Tim Hogan, University of Colorado Museum of Natural History Herbarium (Colorado, USA)

Kyle Bladow, Northland College (Wisconsin, USA)

Parke A. Rublee, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (North Carolina, USA)

Scott Slocombe, Wilfrid Laurier University (Ontario, Canada)

Robert Cox, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (North Carolina, USA)

David Stradling, University of Cincinnati (Ohio, USA)

Kate Parsons, Webster University (Missouri, USA)

Ben Fiscella Meissner, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (California, USA)

David Cochran, John A. Logan Community College (Illinois, USA)

Emily Plec, Western Oregon University (Oregon, USA)

Matthew T. Costa, University of California San Diego (California, USA)

Natasha Zaretsky, Southern Illinois University (Illinois, USA)

Etsuko Kinefuchi, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (North Carolina, USA)

Everett Hamner, Western Illinois University (Illinois, USA)

Annie Gilbert Coleman, University of Notre Dame (Indiana, USA)

Salma Monani, Gettysburg College (Pennsylvania, USA)

Taylor Johnson, University of Utah (Utah, USA)

Denise Thomson, University of Alberta (Alberta, Canada)

Peter Sloan, University of California San Diego (California, USA)

April Anson, University of Oregon (Oregon, USA)

Edward Richards, University of California, San Diego (California, USA)

Natalya Gallo, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego (California, USA)

José Castro-Sotomayor, Scientific Connection, Fundación Ser Ambiente (Quito, Ecuador)

Kelly Mella, Edgewood College (Wisconsin, USA)

Louise Takeda, University of Victoria (British Columbia, Canada)

Margaret Sleeper (Connecticut, USA)

Megan Cullinan, University of Utah (Utah, USA)

Caitlyn M. Burford, Northern Arizona University (Arizona, USA)

Arturo Ramirez-Valdez, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego (California, USA)

James W. Carlson, Creighton University (Nebraska, USA)

Brenda Garand, Dartmouth College (New Hampshire, USA)

Betsey Garand, Amherst College (Massachusetts, USA)

David McAllister, Gwynedd Mercy University (Pennsylvania, USA)

M. V. Ramana, University of British Columbia (British Columbia, Canada)

Kate Svyatets, University of San Francisco (California, USA)

Mas Subramanian, Oregon State University (Oregon, USA)

Chun Man Chow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Massachusetts, USA)

Ito Choho, New York University (New York, USA)

Rachel Webb Jekanowski, Memorial University of Newfoundland (Newfoundland & Labrador, Canada)

Jenny Bavidge, University of Cambridge (UK)

Robert Macfarlane, University of Cambridge (UK)

Melanie K. Yazzie, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Shelagh Campbell, Pharmacist/Gardner (UK)

Twila Moon, Wheelhouse Institute, University of Colorado (Colorado/Montana, USA)

Craig Mishler, Independent Scholar (Alaska, USA)

Elizabeth Shores, Artist (Pennsylvania, USA)

Bettina Evans, Whitecliffe College of Art and Design (Auckland, New Zealand)

Marit Rosol, University of Calgary (Alberta, Canada)

Deborah Gavel (New Mexico, USA)

nicholas b. Jacobsen, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

laura c carlson , University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Matthew I. Thompson, University of Toronto (Ontario, Canada)

Stephen Bocking, Trent University (Ontario, Canada)

Robert Newton, University of Cambridge (UK)

Ann Sheffield, Allegheny College (Pennsylvania, USA)

Sara A. Thornton, University of Leicester (UK)

Jeffrey Dean, Birmingham City University (UK)

Luis Valdiviezo, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru (Lima, Peru)

Jane D. Marsching, Massachusetts College of Art and Design (Massachusetts, USA)

Sharon Wesoky, Allegheny College (Pennsylvania, USA)

Catrin Darsley, University of Cambridge (UK)

Mark C. Long, Keene State College (New Hampshire, USA)

Jason Scott-Warren, University of Cambridge (UK)

Athena Kildegaard, University of Minnesota (Minnesota, USA)

Hugo Reinert, University of Oslo (Norway)

Hannah Evans Fullerton (California, USA)

Manuela L. Picq, Amherst College (Massachusetts, USA)

Robert Macfarlane, Cambridge University (UK)

Sarah Bezan, University of Sheffield Animal Studies Research Centre (UK)

Marcus Hall, University of Zurich (Zurich, Switzerland)

Alexa Weik von Mossner, University of Klagenfurt (Carinthia, Austria)

Marina Zurkow, New York University (New York/ Abu Dhabi , USA/UAE)

Sabrina Peric, University of Calgary (Alberta, Canada)

Sofia Castillo, New York University (New York, USA)

Chris Fontana, Full Circle Leadership Center (Washington, USA)

Alyosha Goldstein, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Georgienne Bradley, Sea Save Foundation (California, USA)

Beth Carruthers, Emily Carr University of Art and Design, University of British Columbia (Coast Salish territories, British Columbia, Canada)

Laura Dassow Walls, University of Notre Dame (Indiana, USA)

Chris Sellers, Stony Brook University (New York, USA)

Philip Quoc Nguyen, University of Washington Bothell (Washington, USA)

Brad Monsma, California State University, Channel Islands (California, USA)

Brennan Lagasse, Sierra Nevada College, Ice Axe Impact School (California, USA)

Bill Hewitt, New York University (New York, USA)

Amy McIntyre, Association for the Study of Literature and Environment (New Hampshire, USA)

Barry R. Noon, Colorado State University (Colorado , USA)

Mallory James, University of Chicago (Illinois, USA)

Laura Henry-Stone, University of Lynchburg (Virginia, USA)

Michael Smith, Ithaca College (New York, USA)

Mike Farrell, Clackamas Community College (Oregon, USA)

Judy Lehmberg, Lee College (Texas, USA)

Nichole Frocheur, New York University (New York, USA)

Cheryl Lousley, Lakehead University (Ontario, Canada)

Shawnee A. Kasanke, University of Alaska Fairbanks (Alaska, USA)

Jessica Marion Barr, Trent University (Ontario, Canada)

Jason Frederick Lambacher, University of Washington Bothell (Washington, USA)

Joseph Cook, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Beth Spezia, Educator and Researcher (Illinois, USA)

Elizabeth A. Johnson, Fordham University (New York, USA)

Lianne Marie Leda Charlie, Yukon College (Yukon, Canada)

Alan C. Braddock, William & Mary (Virginia, USA)

John Rivière-Anderson, ALECC (British Columbia, Canada)

Lucy R. Lippard, Author (New Mexico, USA)

Mary Arnold, Civics United for Railroad Environmental Solutions (North Carolina, USA)

Ashley Kranjac, Chapman University (California, USA)

Dinko Kranjac, La Verne University (California, USA)

Philip Wight, Brandeis University (Massachusetts, USA)

John F. Reiger, Ohio University-Chillicothe (Ohio, USA)

Martin Premoli, University of Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania, USA)

Richard Voss, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Alaska, USA)

Kate Ervine, Saint Mary’s University (Nova Scotia, Canada)

Caleb Savage, New York University (New York, USA)

Shina Peng, New York University (Kobe, Japan)

Nina Dietz, New York University (Maryland , USA)

Wenyu Li, New York University (New York, USA)

Rachel Ruston, New York University (Alaska, USA)

Katherine McGowan, New York University (California, USA)

Kara Kendall-Morwick, Washburn University (Kansas, USA)

Becky Mansfield, Ohio State University (Ohio, USA)

Paul Narguizian, California State University (California, USA)

Bart Welling, University of North Florida (Florida, USA)

Jan Clausen, Goddard College (New York, USA)

Robert Humston, Washington and Lee University (Virginia, USA)

Andrew Stuhl, Bucknell University (Pennsylvania, USA)

Jonathan L. Dunnum, Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Jodey Castricano, University of British Columbia, Okanagan (British Columbia, Canada)

Michael Epp, Trent University (Ontario, Canada)

Mary Lance, New Deal Films (New Mexico, USA)

Elizabeth A. Nocella, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Helen Cherullo, Braided River (Washington, USA)

Nick Jans, Alaska Writer-Photographer (Alaska, USA)

Karl Kusserow, Princeton University Art Museum (New Jersey, USA)

Scott Tremaine, Institute for Advanced Study (New Jersey, USA)

Keith Pluymers, Illinois State University (Illinois, USA)

David B. Williams, Freelance Writer (Washington, USA)

John S. Knox, Washington and Lee University (Virginia, USA)

Susan McHugh, University of New England (Maine, USA)

Jamie Shutler, University of Exeter (UK)

Kanchana N Ruwanpura, University of Edinburgh (Scotland, UK)

Jennine Hurl-Eamon, Trent University Durham (Ontario, Canada)

Robert Langlands, Institute for Advanced Study (New Jersey, USA)
Will Potter, University of Michigan (Michigan, USA)

Joni Adamson , Arizona State University (Arizona, USA)

Momin Rahman, Trent University (Ontario, Canada)

Zahar Koretsky, Maastricht University (The Netherlands)

Paul Butler, University of Exeter (Cornwall, UK)

Amina Ghezal, University of Exeter (Cornwall, UK)

Christof Mauch, Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universität München (München, Germany)

Linda Westman, University of Sheffield (South Yorkshire, UK)

Ariane d’Hoop, Independent Scholar (Brussels, Belgium)

Lauren Cook, Carnegie Mellon University (Pennsylvania, USA)

F Stuart Chapin III, University of Alaska (Alaska, USA)

Paul van Baal, EPFL (Lausanne, Switzerland)

Jeff Fair, Freelance Arctic Field Biologist and Author (Alaska, USA)

Christoph Rosol, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science (Berlin, Germany)

Jason Sylvan, Texas A&M University (Texas, USA)

Jordana Finnegan, Foothill College (California, USA)

Lindsay Marshall, University of Oklahoma (Oklahoma, USA)

Rosemary Collard, Simon Fraser University (British Columbia, Canada)

Samuel Truett, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Pamela Banting, University of Calgary (Alberta, Canada)

Craig Benkman, University of Wyoming (Wyoming, USA)

David Wilson, Webster University (Missouri, USA)

Rick Steiner, Oasis Earth (Alaska, USA)

Kristin Jacobson, Stockton University (New Jersey, USA)

Cedra Wood, Artist (New Mexico, USA)

Laurel D. Kearns, Drew University (New Jersey, USA)

Ann Fisher-Wirth, University of Mississippi (Mississippi, USA)

Karla Armbruster, Webster University (Missouri, USA)

Chandler Davis, University of Toronto (Ontario, Canada)

Margaret Jackson, University of New Mexico (New Mexico , USA)

Nancy L Gilbert (Maine, USA)

Peter Cole, Western Illinois University (Illinois, USA)

Ryan Griffis, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (Illinois, USA)

Emily Roehl, University of California, Santa Barbara (California, USA)

Bill McKibben, Middlebury College (Vermont, USA)

Christine Shearer, CoalSwarm (California, USA)

James Perrin Warren, Washington and Lee University (Virginia, USA)

Carolyn Kremers, Writer and former Fulbright Scholar (Alaska, USA)

Timothy E. Targett, University of Delaware (Delaware, USA)

Barbara Brower, Portland State University (Oregon, USA)

Eleanor J. Bader, Kingsborough Community College, CUNY, Freelance Journalist (New York, USA)

Vlado Vivoda, University of Queensland (Queensland, Australia)

Porus Olpadwala, Cornell University (New York, USA)

Eve Andrée Laramée, Pace University (New York, USA)

Mira Burack, Independent Researcher (New Mexico, USA)

Gerald McMaster, OCAD University (Ontario, Canada)

Diane R Karp, Holt-Smithson Foundation (New Mexico, USA)

Kevin R. Marsh, Idaho State University (Idaho, USA)

Eliot Gray Fisher, Independent Artist and Educator (Texas, USA)

Nancy Menning, Ithaca College (New York, USA)

Alan Friedman, University of Texas at Austin (Texas , USA)

Roger LeB. Hooke, University of Maine (Maine, USA)

Louise Adler, California State University Fullerton (California, USA)

Kim Stringfellow, San Diego State University (California, USA)

Peter Wadhams (UK)

Joel Weishaus , Pacifica Graduate Institute (California, USA)

Eva-Maria Swidler, Goddard College (Pennsylvania, USA)

Tammy Cheramie, Nicholls State University (Louisiana, USA)

Robert G. Bromley, Retired Scientist (Northwest Territories, Canada)

Mark Stoll, Texas Tech University (Texas, USA)

Richmond M. Eustis, Jr., Nicholls State University, National Outdoor Leadership School (Louisiana, USA)

Debbie S. Miller, Author (Alaska, USA)

Edwin Daniel, University of Alberta (Alberta, Canada)

Robert E. Walls, University of Notre Dame (Indiana, USA)

John J. Dziak, Pennsylvania State University (Pennsylvania, USA)

Jon Wlasiuk, Michigan State University (Michigan, USA)

Adriene Jenik, Arizona State University (Arizona, USA)

Patrick G. Coy , Kent State University (Ohio, USA)

Nature Coast Conservation, Inc. (Florida, USA)

Mark Woods, University of San Diego (California, USA)

Lisa Grady, Gateway High School (California, USA)

Binu Mathew, Countercurrents.org (India)

Linda Hinckley , Santa Fe Public Schools (New Mexico, USA)

Jennie Miller, Defenders of Wildlife (Washington D.C., USA)

Charlotte Trolinger, Montana State University, retired (Montana, USA)

Kevin Siena, Trent University (Ontario, Canada)

Judith D. Schwartz, Author/Journalist (Vermont, USA)

David Williams, Retired Teacher (Texas, USA)

Monika Mehta, Binghamton University (New York, USA)

Julianne Lutz Warren, Independent Scholar and Writer (Alaska, USA)

Basia Irland, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Ann McCartney, University of New Mexico Alumn (New Mexico, USA)

Nate Sims, University of New Mexico Alumn (New Mexico, USA)

Leona Morgan, Diné Community (New Mexico, USA)

Petuuche Gilbert, Indigenous World Association (New Mexico, USA)

Ruben Prieto, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Katie Keaveny, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Calliandra Hermansen, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Susan Schuurman, University of New Mexico Alumn (New Mexico, USA)

Jerrald John, Arctic Village Council (Alaska, USA)

Michelle Meaden, University of New Mexico, retired (New Mexico, USA)

Daniel McLaughlin, Navajo Technical University (NM, USA)

David Sloan, Diné Community (New Mexico, USA)

Dylan Mclaughlin, Diné Community, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Richard Moore, Los Sardines Institute, (New Mexico, USA)

Mirega Ortiz, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Kaya Sorkin Leanard, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Odile de la Beaujardiere (New Mexico, USA)

Amy C Hulsoff, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Jan Ravenwolf, Wild Spirit Wolf Sanctuary, ABQ Packtivists (New Mexico, USA)

Blaze Starkey, Wičhákini Owáyawa, Lakȟól’iyapi Wahóȟpi (Standing Rock, Lakȟota Nation)

Daniel Richmond, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Gregory P. A. Levine, UC Berkeley (California, USA)

Ashley Dawson, CUNY (New York, USA)

Ben Sichel, Nova Scotia Teachers Union (Nova Scotia, Canada)

Patrick Gaffney, University of Delaware (Delaware, USA)

Francoise Wemelsfelder, Scotland’s Rural College (Edinburgh, UK)

Jamie Shutler, University of Exeter (Cornwall, UK)

Dominic O’Key, University of Leads (UK)

John A. Grim, Yale University (Connecticut, USA)

Lillian Ball, Cooper Union (New York, USA)

David Pengelley, Oregon State University (Oregon, USA)

Ryan Henel, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Robert Langlands, Institute for Advanced Study (New Jersey, USA)

Dave Wheelock, New Mexico Tech, retired (New Mexico, USA)

Ronald Parry, Rice University (Texas, USA)

Cathy Geist, Minneapolis Community and Technical College (Minnesota, USA)

Mark Hersey, Mississippi State University (Mississippi, USA)

Sheri Crider, Artist and Business Owner (New Mexico, USA)

Barbara Bell, PNP (New Mexico, USA)

Lorene Mills, New Mexico PBS-TV (New Mexico, USA)

Jesse Furr, Rivers & Birds (New Mexico, USA)

Catherine de Zegher (Kortrijk, Belgium)

John Wadland, Trent University (Ontario, Canada)

Sandra Kamerman (New York, USA)

Terry L. Derting, Murray State University (Kentucky, USA)

Jeremy Milloy, Trent University (Ontario, Canada)

Sunny Dooley, Dine’ Navajo Storyteller (Arizona, USA)

Candace Stoughton (New Mexico, USA)

Susan Campbell, Retired Teacher (Alaska, USA)

Ariel MacMillan Sanchez, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Taylor Spence, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Judith C. Mueller, Franklin & Marshall College (Pennsylvania, USA)

James A. Rice, North Carolina State University (North Carolina, USA)

Janet L. Pritchard, University of Connecticut (Connecticut, USA)

Bindu Panikkar, University of Vermont (Vermont, USA)

Tony Weis, University of Western Ontario (Ontario, Canada)

Peter Mickulas, Rutgers University Press (New Jersey, USA)

Glen Cousquer, University of Edinburgh (Scotland, UK)

Stephen Hill, Trent University (Ontario, Canada)

Kesler Woodward, University of Alaska Fairbanks (Alaska, USA)

Ryan Perks, Freelance Editor (Ontario, Canada)

Erin Despard, Université de Sherbrooke (Québec, Canada)

Horace Ballard, Williams College (Vermont, USA)

James McCleave, University of Maine (Maine, USA)

Bob Hyland, University of Cincinnati (Ohio, USA)

David Farrier, University of Edinburgh (Scotland, UK)

Moira Howes, Trent University (Ontario, Canada)

Anthony J. Giordano, S.P.E.C.I.E.S. (California, USA)

Steve Sheffield, Bowie State University (Maryland, USA)

Colleen O’Manique, Trent University (Ontario, Canada)

Bob Johnson, National University (California, USA)

Gregory Dehler, Environmental Historian and Independent Scholar (Colorado, USA)

Shela Sheikh, University of London (UK)

Fazal Sheikh, Princeton University (New Jersey, USA)

Rachael Z. DeLue, Princeton University (New Jersey, USA)

Carina Teske, University of Edinburgh (Scotland, UK)

Andrew Patrizio, University of Edinburgh (Scotland, UK)

Janet Loren Hill, Educator (Massachusetts, USA)

Maura Coughlin, Bryant University (Rhode Island, USA)

Brent Ryan Bellamy, Trent University (Ontario, Canada)

Laima A. Diaz Vepstas, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Nina Elder, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Kelly Eckel, Albuquerque Public Schools (New Mexico, USA)

Megan J. Kelly, University of Denver (Colorado, USA)

Kristen Geary, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Patrick Martin, University of Notre Dame (Indiana, USA)

David C. Raskin, University of Utah (Utah, USA)

Gay Nicholson, Sustainable Tompkins (New York, USA)

David Krantz, Arizona State University (Arizona, USA)

Annalise E. Glauz-Todrank, Wake Forest University (North Carolina, USA)

Dianne Chisholm, University of Alberta (Alberta, Canada)

Akanksha Harish, University of California, San Diego (California, USA)

Zsuzsa Gille, University of Illinois (Illinois, USA)

Hero Chalmers, Fitzwilliam College (Cambridge, UK)

Axel González , University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Jack Amoureux, Wake Forest University (North Carolina, USA)

T.J. Cribb, Churchill College (Cambridge, USA)

Johanna Bockman, George Mason University (Virginia, USA)

Stephen Boyd, Wake Forest University (North Carolina, USA)

Brionna Garcia, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Jason Fenno, Trent University (Ontario, USA)

Ariel Kroon, University of Alberta (Alberta, Canada)

Helen Cherullo, Braided River (Washington, USA)

Michael Bopp, Four Worlds Centre for Development Learning (Alberta, Canada)

Judie Bopp, Four Worlds Centre for Development Learning (Alberta, Canada)

T. J. Demos, University of California, Santa Cruz (California, USA)

Trevor Fristoe, University of Konstanz (Alaska/Baden-Württemberg, USA/Germany)

Marina Vishmidt, Goldsmiths, University of London (UK)

Kathleen I. O’Halleran, Independent Scholar and Writer (Arizona, USA)

Ivor L Niggebrugge, Indiana University (Indiana, USA)

Marie Venner, Venner National Academies Transportation Research Borad, Colorado Interfaith Power and Light, Catholic Network (USA)

Kevin Crooks, Colorado State University (Colorado, USA)

Gaius R. Shaver, The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory (Massachusetts, USA)

Richard Pickard, University of Victoria (British Columbia, Canada)

Eli Typhina, North Carolina State University (North Carolina, USA)

Erica M. Ferrer, University of California, San Diego (California, USA)

George Schaller, Wildlife Conservation Society (New York, USA)

Matthew S. Henry, Independent Scholar (Arizona, USA)

Michele Emanatian, JFK Middle School (Massachusetts, USA)

Karen Mager, Earlham College (Indiana, USA)

Lisa Brady, Boise State University (Idaho, USA)

Julia Hechtman, Fulbright Scholar, Iceland, 2019, Northeastern University (Massachusetts, USA)

Meilem Wangnaolim, Jawaharlal Nehru University (New Delhi, India)

James Nisbet, University of California, Irvine (California, USA)

Thomas Starr, Northeastern University (Massachusetts, USA)

Sarah Kanouse, Northeastern University (Massachusetts, USA)

De-nin D. Lee, Emerson College (Massachusetts, USA)

Erica M. Ferrer, University of California, San Diego (California, USA)

Shannon Westlake, Mississippi State University (Mississippi, USA)

Jo Anna Isaak, Fordham University (New York, USA)

Luis Contreras, Eureka Springs Independent News (Arkansas, USA)

Scott Volz, University of California, Irvine (California , USA)

Jessica Dunkin, Independent Scholar (Northwest Territories, Canada)

Shirley Roburn, York University (Ontario, Canada)

Winston P. Smith, University of Alaska – Fairbanks (Alaska, USA)

Blake Mitchell, University of Central Arkansas (Arkansas, USA)

Mae Lacey, Pennsylvania State University World Campus, Defenders of Wildlife (Washington D.C., USA)

Jessica Millnitz (New York, USA)

lisa nevada, Environmental Choreographer/Educator (New Mexico and New York, USA)

Robert Barnwell, Educator (Alaska, USA)

Aaron Katzeman, University of California, Irvine (California, USA)

Amy Catherine Hulshoff, University of New Mexico (New Mexico, USA)

Libby Robin, Australian National University (ACT, Australia)

Colleen O’Manique, Trent University (Ontario, Canada)

Katy Jurney Scrivo, Educator (Alaska, USA)

Mark Klett, Arizona State University (Arizona, USA)

Carol Carlson, Retired Educator (Nebraska, USA)

Edna Mae Rymph, Retired Educator (Kansas, USA)

Julia Bosson, Cooper Union (New York, USA)